Socio-Demographic and Economic factors associated with hypertension among Men in India

Abstract

Background: The leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, Hypertension, is becoming more prevalent worldwide and is especially prevalent in low- and middle-income nations (LMICs) like India.

Objective: This study aims to examine the change in the prevalence of Hypertension and to develop a statistical model for risk factors of Hypertension among Men in India.

Materials and Methods: This study used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS 4 and 5) samples of men aged 15-54 years whose blood pressure (BP) was measured during the survey.

Results: The study shows that the prevalence of Hypertension among men was  16.3% to 21.5% from NFHS-4 to 5 and we also found an increase in the prevalence of Hypertension and association across selected socio-demographic and economic variables for Hypertension. It was found in both NFHS 4 and 5  Hypertension were higher  in the 45-54 age group compared to younger age group. Men who consume alcohol had higher odds (OR: 1.32, C.I: 1.27-1.37 and OR: 1.42, C.I: 1.37-1.48) of getting hypertension than those who do not consume alcohol and Education, Employment, marital status, and residence were showing significantly associated and higher odds with hypertension among Men. The accuracy of the logistic regression model has been calibrated to reach 71.1%, with sensitivity and specificity exceeding 70%. Users of the model have access to the modified probabilities.

Conclusion: The findings suggest the effect of socioeconomic and habit factors on hypertension which will help in improved interaction with medical services for the treatment of hypertension.